Wiki-Quellcode von Lösung Lösen
Version 1.1 von Holger Engels am 2026/03/01 21:01
Verstecke letzte Bearbeiter
| author | version | line-number | content |
|---|---|---|---|
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1.1 | 1 | 1. ((((%style="vertical-align: top"%){{formula}} |
| 2 | \begin{aligned} | ||
| 3 | x + y + z &= 6 \\ | ||
| 4 | 2x - y + z &= 3 \\ | ||
| 5 | x + 2y - z &= 2 | ||
| 6 | \end{aligned} | ||
| 7 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 8 | |||
| 9 | Startmatrix: | ||
| 10 | {{formula}} | ||
| 11 | \left( | ||
| 12 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 13 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 6 \\ | ||
| 14 | 2 & -1 & 1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 15 | 1 & 2 & -1 & 2 | ||
| 16 | \end{array} | ||
| 17 | \right) | ||
| 18 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 19 | |||
| 20 | Schritt 1: Wir erzeugen Nullen in der ersten Spalte unterhalb der 1. (Zeile II - 2*I und Zeile III - I) | ||
| 21 | {{formula}} | ||
| 22 | \left( | ||
| 23 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 24 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 6 \\ | ||
| 25 | 0 & -3 & -1 & -9 \\ | ||
| 26 | 0 & 1 & -2 & -4 | ||
| 27 | \end{array} | ||
| 28 | \right) | ||
| 29 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 30 | |||
| 31 | Schritt 2: Zur einfacheren Rechnung tauschen wir Zeile II und III. | ||
| 32 | {{formula}} | ||
| 33 | \left( | ||
| 34 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 35 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 6 \\ | ||
| 36 | 0 & 1 & -2 & -4 \\ | ||
| 37 | 0 & -3 & -1 & -9 | ||
| 38 | \end{array} | ||
| 39 | \right) | ||
| 40 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | Schritt 3: Wir erzeugen eine Null in der zweiten Spalte. (Zeile III + 3*II) | ||
| 43 | {{formula}} | ||
| 44 | \left( | ||
| 45 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 46 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 6 \\ | ||
| 47 | 0 & 1 & -2 & -4 \\ | ||
| 48 | 0 & 0 & -7 & -21 | ||
| 49 | \end{array} | ||
| 50 | \right) | ||
| 51 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | Rückwärtseinsetzen: | ||
| 54 | * Aus III: {{formula}}-7z = -21 \Rightarrow z = 3{{/formula}} | ||
| 55 | * Aus II: {{formula}}y - 2(3) = -4 \Rightarrow y - 6 = -4 \Rightarrow y = 2{{/formula}} | ||
| 56 | * Aus I: {{formula}}x + 2 + 3 = 6 \Rightarrow x = 1{{/formula}} | ||
| 57 | |||
| 58 | * **Lösungsmenge:** {{formula}}L = \{(1, 2, 3)\}{{/formula}} | ||
| 59 | ))) | ||
| 60 | 1. ((((%style="vertical-align: top"%){{formula}} | ||
| 61 | \begin{aligned} | ||
| 62 | x + y - z &= 1 \\ | ||
| 63 | -x + 2y + z &= 2 \\ | ||
| 64 | -x + 5y + z &= 5 | ||
| 65 | \end{aligned} | ||
| 66 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 67 | |||
| 68 | Startmatrix: | ||
| 69 | {{formula}} | ||
| 70 | \left( | ||
| 71 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 72 | 1 & 1 & -1 & 1 \\ | ||
| 73 | -1 & 2 & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
| 74 | -1 & 5 & 1 & 5 | ||
| 75 | \end{array} | ||
| 76 | \right) | ||
| 77 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 78 | |||
| 79 | Schritt 1: Nullen in der ersten Spalte erzeugen. (Zeile II + I und Zeile III + I) | ||
| 80 | {{formula}} | ||
| 81 | \left( | ||
| 82 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 83 | 1 & 1 & -1 & 1 \\ | ||
| 84 | 0 & 3 & 0 & 3 \\ | ||
| 85 | 0 & 6 & 0 & 6 | ||
| 86 | \end{array} | ||
| 87 | \right) | ||
| 88 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 89 | |||
| 90 | Schritt 2: Null in der zweiten Spalte erzeugen. (Zeile III - 2*II) | ||
| 91 | {{formula}} | ||
| 92 | \left( | ||
| 93 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 94 | 1 & 1 & -1 & 1 \\ | ||
| 95 | 0 & 3 & 0 & 3 \\ | ||
| 96 | 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 | ||
| 97 | \end{array} | ||
| 98 | \right) | ||
| 99 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 100 | |||
| 101 | Rückwärtseinsetzen: | ||
| 102 | * Die letzte Zeile ist eine Nullzeile ({{formula}}0 = 0{{/formula}}). Wir wählen {{formula}}z = t{{/formula}} als freien Parameter. | ||
| 103 | * Aus II: {{formula}}3y = 3 \Rightarrow y = 1{{/formula}} | ||
| 104 | * Aus I: {{formula}}x + 1 - t = 1 \Rightarrow x - t = 0 \Rightarrow x = t{{/formula}} | ||
| 105 | |||
| 106 | * **Lösungsmenge:** {{formula}}L = \{(t, 1, t) \mid t \in \mathbb{R}\}{{/formula}} | ||
| 107 | ))) | ||
| 108 | 1. ((((%style="vertical-align: top"%){{formula}} | ||
| 109 | \begin{aligned} | ||
| 110 | x + y &= 3 \\ | ||
| 111 | 2x - y &= 3 \\ | ||
| 112 | 3x + y &= 7 | ||
| 113 | \end{aligned} | ||
| 114 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 115 | |||
| 116 | Startmatrix: | ||
| 117 | {{formula}} | ||
| 118 | \left( | ||
| 119 | \begin{array}{cc|c} | ||
| 120 | 1 & 1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 121 | 2 & -1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 122 | 3 & 1 & 7 | ||
| 123 | \end{array} | ||
| 124 | \right) | ||
| 125 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 126 | |||
| 127 | Schritt 1: Nullen in der ersten Spalte erzeugen. (Zeile II - 2*I und Zeile III - 3*I) | ||
| 128 | {{formula}} | ||
| 129 | \left( | ||
| 130 | \begin{array}{cc|c} | ||
| 131 | 1 & 1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 132 | 0 & -3 & -3 \\ | ||
| 133 | 0 & -2 & -2 | ||
| 134 | \end{array} | ||
| 135 | \right) | ||
| 136 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 137 | |||
| 138 | Schritt 2: Wir teilen Zeile II durch -3 und Zeile III durch -2, um es zu vereinfachen. | ||
| 139 | {{formula}} | ||
| 140 | \left( | ||
| 141 | \begin{array}{cc|c} | ||
| 142 | 1 & 1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 143 | 0 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
| 144 | 0 & 1 & 1 | ||
| 145 | \end{array} | ||
| 146 | \right) | ||
| 147 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 148 | |||
| 149 | Schritt 3: Null in der zweiten Spalte erzeugen. (Zeile III - II) | ||
| 150 | {{formula}} | ||
| 151 | \left( | ||
| 152 | \begin{array}{cc|c} | ||
| 153 | 1 & 1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 154 | 0 & 1 & 1 \\ | ||
| 155 | 0 & 0 & 0 | ||
| 156 | \end{array} | ||
| 157 | \right) | ||
| 158 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 159 | |||
| 160 | Rückwärtseinsetzen: | ||
| 161 | * Aus II: {{formula}}y = 1{{/formula}} | ||
| 162 | * Aus I: {{formula}}x + 1 = 3 \Rightarrow x = 2{{/formula}} | ||
| 163 | |||
| 164 | * **Lösungsmenge:** {{formula}}L = \{(2, 1)\}{{/formula}} | ||
| 165 | ))) | ||
| 166 | 1. ((((%style="vertical-align: top"%){{formula}} | ||
| 167 | \begin{aligned} | ||
| 168 | x + y + z &= 2 \\ | ||
| 169 | x + 2y - z &= 3 \\ | ||
| 170 | 2x + 3y &= 10 | ||
| 171 | \end{aligned} | ||
| 172 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 173 | |||
| 174 | Startmatrix: | ||
| 175 | {{formula}} | ||
| 176 | \left( | ||
| 177 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 178 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
| 179 | 1 & 2 & -1 & 3 \\ | ||
| 180 | 2 & 3 & 0 & 10 | ||
| 181 | \end{array} | ||
| 182 | \right) | ||
| 183 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 184 | |||
| 185 | Schritt 1: Nullen in der ersten Spalte erzeugen. (Zeile II - I und Zeile III - 2*I) | ||
| 186 | {{formula}} | ||
| 187 | \left( | ||
| 188 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 189 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
| 190 | 0 & 1 & -2 & 1 \\ | ||
| 191 | 0 & 1 & -2 & 6 | ||
| 192 | \end{array} | ||
| 193 | \right) | ||
| 194 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 195 | |||
| 196 | Schritt 2: Null in der zweiten Spalte erzeugen. (Zeile III - II) | ||
| 197 | {{formula}} | ||
| 198 | \left( | ||
| 199 | \begin{array}{ccc|c} | ||
| 200 | 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 \\ | ||
| 201 | 0 & 1 & -2 & 1 \\ | ||
| 202 | 0 & 0 & 0 & 5 | ||
| 203 | \end{array} | ||
| 204 | \right) | ||
| 205 | {{/formula}} | ||
| 206 | |||
| 207 | Auswertung: | ||
| 208 | * In der letzten Zeile steht {{formula}}0x + 0y + 0z = 5{{/formula}}, also {{formula}}0 = 5{{/formula}}. Das ist ein mathematischer Widerspruch. Das System hat somit keine Lösung. | ||
| 209 | |||
| 210 | * **Lösungsmenge:** {{formula}}L = \{\}{{/formula}} | ||
| 211 | ))) |
